Proof of History (PoH):PoH works as a central clock. To keep track of transactions and the sequence of events, entries are time-stamped.  This algorithm is designed to increase efficiency and speed up processing.

Tower BFT:Before the ledger is finished, validators decide whether the version is accurate. Then, their vote is locked out, preventing them from casting another vote on the next edition of the Blockchain that does not keep track of the results of earlier votes.

Turbine:To solve the bandwidth problem and accelerate the transactions, data is divided into smaller chunks.

Gulf Stream:The execution of transaction caching and forwarding is made possible by the Gulf Stream before the finalisation of the next set of block confirmations. As a result, validators can process transactions faster, which lowers transaction times, speeds up leader switching, and eases memory load. This concept is known as Mempool.